Gels: Structures, Properties, and Functions Fundamentals and Applications

ItisagreatpleasureforustopresentacollectionofpapersreadattheToyoichiTanaka MemorialSymposiumonGelsheldon10-12September2008inTokyo. ProfessorToyoichi TanakaofMIThasdevelopedgelscienceafterthediscoveryofvolumephasetransition, but unfortunately he passed away so early in 2000. His friends and co-workers decided to organizeasymposiumcommemoratingthe30thanniversaryforthediscoveryofthevolume phasetransitionin1978. ThesymposiumwasheldinastyleofFaradayDiscussions. FullpaperswritteninJapanese weresentbeforehandtoalltheparticipants, anddiscussionswereactiveafterashort(5min) presentationofeachpaper. SinceJapaneselanguageisverydifferentfromEuropeanl- guages, weJapanesecouldspeakfreelywithoutanyhesitation. Althoughalltheparticipants are good at English as proved by their publication of many papers in English, yet the discussionofdelicatenuancescouldbedonebetterinJapanesethaninEnglish. Afterthesuccessfulsymposium, paperswritteninEnglishtakingintoaccountthedisc- sionsduringthesymposiumwerereviewedbyexpertscientists, andthepaperswererevised accordingly. We hope that this collection of papers is interesting and useful for all the scientistsandengineersworkingintheareaofgelsbothinacademiaandindustry. Finally, wethankallthecontributorsandreviewersfortheirenthusiasticefforts. Summer2009 MasayukiTokita KatsuyoshiNishinari v Contents StructureandFunctionalPropertiesofGels CompetitiveHydrogenBondsandCononsolvencyofPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s inMixedSolventsofWater/Methanol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 FumihikoTanaka, TsuyoshiKoga, andFranc, oiseM. Winnik RheologicalPropertiesofSolutionsofaPolyampholyticBlockCopolymer. . . . . . . . . . 9 TomomitsuSekitani, KenjiUrayama, ManabuTsuruta, Masahiko Mitsuzuka, andToshikazuTakigawa Helix-CoilTransitionandAssociationBehaviorofWater-SolublePolypeptides HavingHydrophobicAlkylSideChains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 KatsuhiroInomata, TomokazuTakai, NoriyoshiOhno, YoshiakiYamaji, ErinaYamada, HidekiSugimoto, andEijiNakanishi EffectsofSurfactantsontheLinearRheologyofTelechelic AssociatingPolymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 TsutomuIndei Time-DependentFlowPropertiesofTransientHydrogelswith TemporalNetworkJunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 IsamuKaneda, TsuyoshiKoga, andFumihikoTanaka StressGrowthinTransientPolymerNetworksunderStartup ShearFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 TsuyoshiKoga, FumihikoTanaka, andIsamuKaneda Self-assemblingStructuresandSol-GelTransitionofOptically ActiveandRacemic12-HydroxystearicAcidsinOrganicSolvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 HiroyukiTakeno, TomomitsuMochizuki, KazutoYoshiba, ShingoKondo, andToshiakiDobashi TheGelPointandNetworkFormationinthePolymerisation ofanEpoxy-AmineSystemIncludingRingFormation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 YutakaTanaka, JohnL. Stanford, andRobert. F. T. Stepto TheEffectiveSurfaceRoughnessScalingoftheGelationSurface PatternFormation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 T. Mizoue, M. Tokita, H. Honjo, H. J. Barraza, andH. Katsuragi DiscontinuousGrowthofOnionStructureUnderShear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 ShujiFujii vii viii Contents StudyonSelf-AssemblyofTelechelicHydrophobicallyModi?ed Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)inWater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 TaisukeFujimoto, EmiYoshimoto, andMasahikoAnnaka SomeThoughtsontheDe?nitionofaGel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 KatsuyoshiNishinari SwellingofGels StructuralTransitionofNon-ionicPoly(acrylamide)Gel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Sada-atsuMukai, HirohisaMiki, VasylGaramus, Regine Willmeit, andMasayukiTokita SwellingEquilibriumofaGelinBinaryMixedSolvents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 HirohisaMiki, ShinYagihara, Sada-atsuMukai, andMasyukiTokita RevisittoSwellingKineticsofGels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 KenjiUrayama, NaokiMurata, ShojiNosaka, MasahiroKojima, andToshikazuTakigawa EffectofResidualSwellingSolventonNanoporeFormationinReplication ofSwollenHydrogelNetwork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Ken-ichiKurumada, AtsushiSuzuki, EmikoOtsuka, SusumuBaba, Youhei Seto, KeisukeMorita, andTakanoriNakamura SwellingPropertiesofPhysicallyCross-linkedPVAGelsPrepared byaCast-dryingMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 EmikoOtsukaandAtsushiSuzuki In?uenceofHeatingTemperatureonCookingCurveofRice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 KunioNakamura, AtsukoAkutsu, AyumiOtake, andHatsueMoritaka IndustrialandbiomedicalApplication EffectsofThicknessandCurvatureontheAdhesionProperties ofCylindricalSoftMaterialsbyaPointContactMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 D. Sakasegawa, M. Goto, andA. Suzuki ElectrophoresisofDyesandProteinsinPoly(Acrylamide)GelContaining ImmobilizedBilayerMembranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 HirokiIshihara, GohMatsuo, TakanoriSasaki, YukoSaito, MakotoDemura, andKaoruTsujii AnApplicationofMicrocapsulesHavingEnzyme-degradableGel MembraneToCellCulture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 ToshiakiDobashi, MichiruKoike, KentaroKobayashi, YasuyukiMaki, TakaoYamamoto, andSusumuTanaka DevelopmentofaNovelHydrogeltoPreventBacterial InfectiousDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 NorihiroKato, AzumiKobayashi, HiroshiMotohashi, YuOzonoe, Tomohiro Morohoshi, andTsukasaIkeda EffectofParticlesAlignmentonGiantReductioninDynamic ModulusofHydrogelsContainingNeedle-ShapedMagneticParticles. . . . . . . . . . . 163 TetsuMitsumata, YuheiKosugi, andShunsukeOuchi Contents ix MolecularDiffusioninPolysaccharideGelSystemsasObservedbyNMR. . . . . . . . 171 ShingoMatsukawa, DaisukeSagae, andAkikoMogi ChainReleaseBehaviorofGellanGels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 KhandkerS. HossainandKatsuyoshiNishinari GelFormationofRecombinantFibrinogenLackingaCTermini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 KenjiKuboa, YukaMasuda, YoshiharuToyama, NobukazuNameki, NobuoOkumura, andMasanoriOchiai DynamicLightScatteringStudyofPigVitreousBody. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 ToyoakiMatsuura, NaokazuIdota, YoshiakiHara, andMasahikoAnnaka TheRelationshipBetweentheChangesinLocalStiffnessofChicken Myo?brilandtheTendernessofMuscleDuringPostmortemAging. . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 T. Iwasaki, Y. Hasegawa, K. Yamamoto, andK. Nakamura Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 ProgrColloidPolymSci(2009)136:1 8 DOI:10. 1007/2882_2009_1 CompetitiveHydrogenBondsandCononsolvency ofPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide)sinMixedSo