Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

This textbook contains a wealth of information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquid and solid matter, including liquid helium. The major part of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively style and practical basis of this text make it easy to read and particularly useful for anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Experienced low-temperature scientists will find it of great value due to its extensive compilations of materials data and references as well as descriptions of very recent advances in low-temperature physics and technology.