Electron Spectroscopy of Crystals

1. Fundamentals of the Method of Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- Basic Equation of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- X-Ray Sources and the Principle of X-Ray Monochromatization.- Construction Features of Modern Electron Spectrometers.- Construction Features of Commercial Electron Spectrometers.- Calibration of Electron Spectra.- Effective Escape Depth of Electrons.- Sample Preparation.- 2. Physical Principles of Electron Spectroscopy.- Binding Energies and Chemical Shifts of Core Levels.- Multiplet Splitting in Core-Electron Spectra.- Multielectron Excitation Effects in Photoelectron Spectra.- Photoionization Cross Section in the One-Electron Approximation.- Influence of Multielectron Transitions and Multielectron Processes on the Magnitude of the Photoionization Cross Section.- Energy Distribution of Valence Electrons in Crystals.- Methods of Calculation of Energy Bands in Crystals.- Symmetry Properties of the Energy Bands in Crystals.- Electron States in Disordered Alloys.- Comparison between Electron Spectroscopy and Some Other Methods of Investigation of the Electron Structure of Crystals.- 3. Metals and Alloys.- Density of States of Valence Electrons as Given by the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of Transition and Noble Metals.- Photoelectron Spectra of Light Metals.- Influence of Transition Probability on the Shape of X-Ray Photoqlectron Spectra of Transition and Noble Metals.- Characteristics of the Structure of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of the Rare-Earth Metals.- Influence of Transition Probability on the Shape of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of Alloys of Transition Metals.- Binary Alloys of Neighboring Elements of the Same Period.- Alloys of Elements from Different Periods.- Alloys of Isoelectronic Elements.- Alloys of Noble Metals with Aluminum and Magnesium.- Model Representations of the Density of States of Alloys.- 4. Crystals with a Sphalerite-Type Lattice.- Energy-Band Structure of Diamond, Graphite, Silicon, and Germanium.- Energy-Band Structure of A3 B5- and A2 B6-Type Compounds.- Chemical Shifts of Core Levels.- Influence of the Disordered Distribution of Atoms on the Density of States of Valence Electrons.- 5. Halides of Alkali and Alkaline-Earth Metals.- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra and the Band Structure of Alkali Halide Crystals.- Characteristics of X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Alkali Halide Crystals.- Optical Constants of Crystals in the Fluorite Group.- X-Ray Emission Spectra, Quantum Yield Spectra, and Photoelectron Spectra of CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2.- Plasma Excitations in the Optical and X-Ray Spectra of Crystalline CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2.- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra and L2,3 Quantum Yield Spectra of Chlorine in Crystalline CaCl2, SrCl2, and BaCl2.- 6. Energy Location of the Valence s, p, and d States in Transition Metal Compounds.- Oxides of Transition Metals.- Sulfides of Transition Metals.- Halides of Transition Metals.- Manganese Borides.- Carbides of Transition Metals.- 7. Characterization of Surfaces.- Auger Spectroscopy as a Method for Surface Characterization.- Adsorption and Oxidation Processes at Metal Surfaces.- Use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Quantitative Analysis.- Angular Distribution of X-Ray Photoelectrons with Regard to Quantitative Analysis.- Use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in the Study of Catalysts.- 8. Structure of the Photoelectron Spectra of Core Electrons.- Multiplet Splitting of Photoelectron Lines.- Satellite Structure of 2p Photoelectron Lines.- Width and Asymmetry of Core-Level Photoelectron Lines.- References.