Geometric Methods in Bio-Medical Image Processing

Itgivesmegreatpleasuretoeditthisbook. Thegenesisofthisbookgoes backtotheconferenceheldattheUniversityofBolognainJune1999, on collaborativeworkbetweentheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyandthe UniversityofBologna. Theoriginalideawastoinvitesomespeakersatthe conferencetosubmitarticlestothebook. Thescopeofthebookwaslater- hancedand, inthepresentform, itisacompilationofsomeoftherecentwork usinggeometricpartialdi'erentialequationsandthelevelsetmethodology inmedicalandbiomedicalimageanalysis. Thesynopsisofthebookisasfollows: Inthe'rstchapter, R. Malladi andJ. A. Sethianpointtotheoriginsoftheuseoflevelsetmethodsand geometricPDEsforsegmentation, andpresentfastmethodsforshapes- mentationinbothmedicalandbiomedicalimageapplications. InChapter 2, C. OrtizdeSolorzano, R. Malladi, andS. J. Lockettdescribeabodyof workthatwasdoneoverthepastcoupleofyearsattheLawrenceBerkeley NationalLaboratoryonapplicationsoflevelsetmethodsinthestudyand understandingofconfocalmicroscopeimagery. TheworkinChapter3byA. Sarti, C. Lamberti, andR. Malladiaddressestheproblemofunderstanding di'culttimevaryingechocardiographicimagery. Thisworkpresentsvarious levelsetmodelsthataredesignedto'tavarietyofimagingsituations, i. e. timevarying2D,3D, andtimevarying3D. InChapter4, L. VeseandT. F. Chanpresentasegmentationmodelwithoutedgesandalsoshowextensions totheMumford-Shahmodel. Thismodelisparticularlypowerfulincertain applicationswhencomparisonsbetweennormalandabnormalsubjectsis- quired. Next, inChapter5, A. EladandR. Kimmelusethefastmarching methodontriangulateddomaintobuildatechniquetounfoldthecortexand mapitontoasphere. Thistechniqueismotivatedinpartbynewadvances infMRIbasedneuroimaging. InChapter6, T. DeschampsandL. D. Cohen presentaminimalpathbasedmethodofgroupingconnectedcomponentsand showcleverapplicationsinvesseldetectionin3Dmedicaldata. Finally, in Chapter7, A. Sarti, K. Mikula, F. Sgallari, andC. Lamberti, describean- linearmodelfor'lteringtimevarying3Dmedicaldataandshowimpressive resultsinbothultrasoundandechoimages. IoweadebtofgratitudetoClaudioLambertiandAlessandroSartifor invitingmetoBologna, andlogisticalsupportfortheconference. Ithank thecontributingauthorsfortheirenthusiasmand'exibility, theSpringer mathematicseditorMartinPetersforhisoptimismandpatience, andJ. A. Sethianforhisunfailingsupport, goodhumor, andguidancethroughthe years. Berkeley, California R. Malladi October,2001 Contents 1 FastMethodsforShapeExtractioninMedicaland BiomedicalImaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R. Malladi, J. A. Sethian 1. 1Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2TheFastMarchingMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 3ShapeRecoveryfromMedicalImages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 4Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 AGeometricModelforImageAnalysisinCytology. . . . . . . 19 C. OrtizdeSolorzano, R. Malladi, S. J. Lockett 2. 1Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2. 2GeometricModelforImageAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2. 3SegmentationofNuclei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. 4SegmentationofNucleiandCellsUsingMembrane-RelatedPr