Nicotine and Related Alkaloids Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Plant metabolism. Mammalian metabolism: overview. Nicotine to cotinine. Nicotine to cotinine: enzyme induction. N-oxidation, N-methylation and conjugation reactions. Nicotine metabolism: beyond cotinine. Extrahepatic nicotine metabolism. Minor tobacco alkaloids. Pharmacokinetics of nicotine and metabolites in animals. Pharmacokinetics of nicotine and metabolites in humans. Factors influencing individual variation in nicotine pharmacokinetics. Analysis of nicotine. Chromatographic analysis of nicotine and metabolites. Nicotine and metabolites: pharmacokinetics models. New methods for probing the in vivo disposition of nicotine in humans. Aspects of metabolism of S- nicotine.